VEHICULAR PLATOONING -- Group -- 4
VEHICULAR PLATOONING
Group members:
1)
Vishnu Vamshi B
2) Manohar Sai Alapati
3) Vikyath Shankargiri
4)
Dittakavi V Adithya
Introduction:
Vehicle platooning is one
of the simplest (as compared to other automations) and important contributions
towards vehicle automation which is already showing good results in long
distance transportations in highways across states and even countries.
What is platooning?
In transportation, platooning or flocking
is a method for driving a group of vehicles together. It is meant to increase
the capacity of roads via an automated highway system. Platooning is an
application that enhances autonomous driving by means of cooperation. Vehicles,
by using wireless communication, exchange data such as position, speed, and acceleration
to reduce their inter-vehicle gap and drive in groups, called indeed
platoons
Motivation:
Autonomous Driving is one of the
emerging technologies in recent years. These self-driving vehicles do not rely
on human beings. Self-driving cars will also be helpful in sharing vehicles
where we left them, picking a person from a place etc... What if these
self-driving cars can communicate with each other and a group of self-driving
cars can travel together. This idea leads to Vehicle Platooning.
Platooning enables vehicles to accelerate or brake simultaneously which helps in decreasing the distance between vehicles and minimizes the human reaction in doing so. A platoon consisting of smart vehicles, one can automatically join or leave the platoon. This will help in lesser traffic congestion and collisions, enabling drivers to rest while moving in a platoon etc. Although there is a lot of work, research going on and even various prototypes have been made in truck platooning (for example, Hochschule Fresenius University, in association with MAN Truck & Bus have developed transport trucks with platooning technology) , but it hasn’t made it’s way into the mainstream market.
Platooning enables vehicles to accelerate or brake simultaneously which helps in decreasing the distance between vehicles and minimizes the human reaction in doing so. A platoon consisting of smart vehicles, one can automatically join or leave the platoon. This will help in lesser traffic congestion and collisions, enabling drivers to rest while moving in a platoon etc. Although there is a lot of work, research going on and even various prototypes have been made in truck platooning (for example, Hochschule Fresenius University, in association with MAN Truck & Bus have developed transport trucks with platooning technology) , but it hasn’t made it’s way into the mainstream market.
Methodology:
We first build the
correct topology along with the method of packet transmission between every
possible node. Routers or small dongles are used and a vehicle can enter or
exit at any point of time making the current leading vehicle the head vehicle.
The present topology is a line topology where a packet can travel at
most to the next immediate node and that node decides whether the packet should
be forwarded or not depending on its destination. So, as per this topology, a
node can send a packet only to its adjacent connected nodes.
The main important feature is
that only the head node (vehicle which is at the beginning and is leading other
vehicles) initiates every packet transaction. The intermediate node may involve
in receiving or helping to propagate the packet further.
By this methodology, the control information is sent to every vehicle
from the head vehicle and ultimately, they move in the same line.
- In Vehicle Platooning , it is easy to implement and evaluate their proposal on simulation because the simulation does not require any equipment, high-cost device and cars.
- Some of the popular ones include Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), Network Simulator 3 (NS3), Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNeT++).
- Out of all simulators , we choose OMNet++ because It is suitable for real life applications and also has many frameworks like wireless networks , internet protocols , vehicular networks ,local area networks ,and many more.
- On the other hand NS-2 and NS3 are not able to be reused for real implementation and in the field of vehicular communications , its high complexity hardens the implementation of vehicular mobility models inside the framework.NS-2 and NS3 also has very less frameworks in Vehicular networks.
- Finally OMNeT++ has a dedicated simulation framework for Vehicular networks, namely Veins - Vehicles in Network Simulation and together with a way of modeling realistic node mobility based on the road traffic simulator SUMO.
Simulators:
Ø OMnet++ (Objective Modular
Network Testbed in C++ ):
An OMNeT++ model is used to build
modules which communicate by exchanging messages. Modules can be nested based
on required function. The components of the models can be programmed in
C++.using simulation Kernel and class library of OmNet++.The model has to be
defined NED (Network description Language) language. Simulation results are
written into output vector and output scalar files. You can use the Analysis
Tool in the Simulation IDE to visualize them.
Ø SUMO (Simulation
of Urban Mobility):
SUMO is a traffic simulation package. It is meant to be used to simulate
smaller and larger networks also. SUMO is mainly continuous road traffic
simulation. It supports multimodal and intermodal ground-based traffic. SUMO
models individual vehicles and their interactions using models for
car-following, lane-changing and intersection behaviour. It also uses pedestrian models to simulate the movement of persons and their interactions with
vehicles.
Ø VEINS
Veins extends the OMNeT++ network simulator by providing a complete
vehicular communication. VEINS is a plugin type project which can be built in
OMNet++.Thus we can use all the features of VEINS in our models in OMNet++.
Ø PLEXE:
Plexe is an extension of the popular Veins vehicular network simulator
which permits the realistic simulation of platooning systems.
Working:
Veins replicates the movement in
the corresponding OMNeT++ node by updating the mobility model. By using this
interface, Veins queries SUMO about current “traffic” status (e.g., number of vehicles,
their position etc.), and it is able to modify the traffic dynamics, for
instance by changing the route a vehicle is travelling on, or its acceleration.
PLEXE further extends the interaction through the interface in order to fetch
vehicles’ data from SUMO to be sent to other cars.
Challenges:
This simple concept has hidden a variety of complex challenges:
1.
Distance between vehicles may become far enough for the communication to
cease.
2.
A non-platoon member vehicle may enter the lane and disturb the
topology.
3.
The cases regarding the exiting and entering of the vehicles should be
dealt with care considering all possibilities.
4.
A complex situation may arise involving a combination of above
challenges making the situation even worse.
References and
documentation of tools:
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